Evidence of meeting #19 for Indigenous and Northern Affairs in the 45th Parliament, 1st session. (The original version is on Parliament’s site, as are the minutes.) The winning word was infrastructure.

A recording is available from Parliament.

On the agenda

Members speaking

Before the committee

Rebecca Alty  Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations
Pigeon  Director General, Modern Treaty Implementation, Department of Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs
Gideon  Deputy Minister, Department of Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs

The Chair Liberal Terry Sheehan

I call this meeting to order.

Welcome to meeting number 19 of the House of Commons Standing Committee on Indigenous and Northern Affairs.

We recognize that we meet on the unceded territory of the Algonquin Anishinabe people.

Pursuant to Standing Order 108(2) and the motion adopted by the committee on February 3, 2026, the committee is commencing its study on the subject matter of clause 572, division 35 of Bill C-15. As you recall, that is in regard to the letter we received from Karina Gould, the finance chair, requesting that.

Before I go too far, just remember for interpretation, when you're not speaking, to make sure that your mic is off and that your earpiece is away from the mic so that it's not hard on our interpreters.

I would like to welcome our witnesses.

Good morning and welcome, Honourable Rebecca Alty, Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations. It's good to see you. Thank you for responding so quickly to the motion passed on Monday.

Also from the Department of Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs, we have the deputy minister, Valerie Gideon. Thank you very much and it's good to see you. We also have Manon Nadeau-Beaulieu, chief of finances, results and delivery officer; Élizabeth Pigeon, director general, modern treaty implementation; and Benoît Chartrand, manager.

From the Department of Justice, we have Julia Redmond, legal counsel, negotiations and northern affairs.

From the Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness, we have Jolene Dione, director, indigenous police services division.

Thank you very much.

Minister, you have five minutes.

8:15 a.m.

Northwest Territories Northwest Territories

Liberal

Rebecca Alty LiberalMinister of Crown-Indigenous Relations

Good morning, and thank you, Mr. Chair.

Before we begin, I would like to acknowledge that we are gathered on the traditional unceded territory of the Algonquin Anishinabe people.

I appreciate the opportunity to be here today to speak to the committee about Bill C‑15, an act to implement certain provisions of the budget tabled in Parliament on November 4, 2025, in particular our proposal to repeal sections 195 and 196 of the Naskapi and the Cree-Naskapi Commission Act.

We have included these provisions in the Budget Implementation Act because they meet a specific request and a clear need. Once in effect, the changes we’re making will provide clarity regarding the Naskapi Police’s authorities on Naskapi lands, and will update funding arrangements so that they better reflect the nation’s current needs and new agreement.

I am happy to inform the committee that these changes are fully supported by the Naskapi nation.

These changes are part of a broader effort by Canada's government to advance self-determination and to build indigenous prosperity by ensuring that indigenous partners have the resources and tools to make the decisions that matter to them. Budget 2025 reflects this effort.

Another example of how we are doing this is through proposed amendments to the First Nations Fiscal Management Act. This change would allow the First Nations Finance Authority to lend to special purpose vehicles, SPVs, which are first nations project financing corporations created by first nations to support participation in major economic and resource development projects. This would make it easier for communities to work together to reduce administrative barriers and to access affordable, reliable capital through an indigenous financial institution.

Better access to financing supports equity participation, job creation, and long-term economic growth for indigenous communities.

We’re also expanding tools for building indigenous infrastructure. Budget 2025 raises the Canada Infrastructure Bank’s target for indigenous infrastructure from $1 billion to $3 billion.

It's a step but not the final step towards ensuring that the energy, transportation and broadband infrastructure indigenous people need gets built.

At the same time, we're doubling the indigenous loan guarantee program from $5 billion to $10 billion. Communities have been clear that equity matters and access to affordable financing is essential. This expansion responds directly to that call. As we all know, financing alone doesn't build prosperity. Benefits need to flow directly into communities and not around them. If contractors can't bid on the work in their own communities, opportunity stops at the gate.

That's why budget 2025 proposes a bonding and surety pilot program to address a barrier that has kept too many first nations contractors out of running for major infrastructure projects.

With this program, more first nations businesses can bid on construction and infrastructure work, create local jobs and keep more economic benefits in the community.

Each of these changes may seem small on its own, but together they tell a much bigger story. They reflect a shift in how we work, away from one-size-fits-all solutions, towards indigenous-led decision-making rooted in self-determination. By working directly with partners, advancing self-government agreements, putting action behind our commitments and making targeted changes where they're needed, we're putting in place the building blocks for a more resilient future for indigenous peoples across this country. At the end of the day, our government fundamentally believes that promoting self-determination is essential to building indigenous prosperity and advancing reconciliation.

To that end, we are also making critical investments to improve how we consult with indigenous partners. Budget 2025 provides $10.1 million for the federal initiative on consultation.

This funding will support the co-development of consultation protocols with indigenous rights holders so that consultations on projects are not only clear and respectful but also meet or exceed legal and constitutional requirements. These protocols set shared expectations, reduce uncertainty and support our efforts to renew relationships with indigenous peoples by deepening our understanding of community perspectives and priorities.

Whether it's the policies in the budget or whether it's the work I do every day as Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations, our goal is straightforward—a Canada where indigenous partners have the tools to lead, and where communities can invest, build and benefit from the projects that affect their lands and futures.

Mr. Chair, our government is taking practical steps to build reconciliation in partnership with indigenous peoples, and we will continue to work with first nations, Inuit and Métis, and modern self-government and treaty partners to advance indigenous-led initiatives and promote self-determination.

As we move forward and build a stronger, more resilient future for this country, we are equally determined to build a fairer, more equitable one. We are building a Canada where reconciliation is lived every day through shared decision-making and shared benefits.

I encourage all members here today to support the budget.

I look forward to answering any questions you might have

Meegwetch, thank you, mashi cho.

The Chair Liberal Terry Sheehan

Chi-meegwetch, Minister.

Let's now go to the first round. The Conservatives are first for six minutes. We will start with MP Schmale, please.

8:25 a.m.

Conservative

Jamie Schmale Conservative Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes, ON

Thank you, Minister. It's always a pleasure to have you here.

Minister, a few months ago, Thomson Reuters released a report showing some pretty dire numbers when it comes to missing and murdered indigenous women and girls. The study cites that despite being indigenous people being only 5% of the population, indigenous women and girls account for over 50% of these trafficking victims. It also shows that in 124 cases, 67% of the victims are still missing, with the average age being 30.

It also shows that a large number of these human trafficking incidents are happening in some major cities. That's where we are seeing some pretty significant increases in crime, extortion and anything to that effect, daily.

When are we going to actually see some action on fixing the revolving door that seems to have become our justice system, have some real penalties for these offenders and stop releasing criminals back onto the streets?

Rebecca Alty Liberal Northwest Territories, NT

Thank you, Mr. Chair.

It's a very important issue. We are actually holding an indigenous, federal, provincial and territorial round table on the missing and murdered indigenous women and girls next week. I will circulate the agenda to committee members if they haven't received it yet. We would appreciate your presence there.

There are a number of initiatives the government is working on. There are a number of crime bills, which you mentioned, that relate to making sure that victims are supported and that strengthen bail reforms.

I would encourage members to support those laws. There's also—

8:25 a.m.

Conservative

Jamie Schmale Conservative Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes, ON

We have talked for many years on this side of the House about how the changes to the justice system have harmed individuals, whether indigenous or non-indigenous. We're looking at these numbers, which are pretty dire, especially when you look at the number of indigenous women going missing.

Are you putting resources...? The missing and murdered indigenous women and girls report came out a number of years ago. What concrete steps have you taken, other than having a round table, to actually fund some task forces in law enforcement to look into these cases, find these women and girls and bring them home?

Rebecca Alty Liberal Northwest Territories, NT

Yes, there are two parts. The first part is what I was mentioning, ensuring that all members support the crime bills. The other is prevention, making sure that we have the funding in the budget to advance initiatives that support prevention as well as healing.

There are a number of initiatives. I was in Iqaluit in November and had the great opportunity to see the healing centre there, which is the truth and reconciliation call to action number 21. That's set to open in April.

In January, I was in Fort Providence. With funding from ISC, it is building a 60-bed transitional and emergency shelter for women and families. Due to weather, the units hadn't arrived the week I was there; however, it is—

8:25 a.m.

Conservative

Jamie Schmale Conservative Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes, ON

That's good.

We need to see concrete action, so that when criminals are arrested, they are put in jail. We need tougher sentences. We need bail reform. We need investments in law enforcement. In this case, we're specifically talking about an indigenous police service in Quebec.

Where are the concrete steps? It's great that you're talking about recovery, but what are we doing to deter and punish those responsible?

Rebecca Alty Liberal Northwest Territories, NT

Exactly, so that was in my first round of answers.

Ginette Lavack Liberal St. Boniface—St. Vital, MB

I have a point of order regarding relevance.

8:25 a.m.

Conservative

Jamie Schmale Conservative Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes, ON

The missing and murdered indigenous women and girls report is within Crown-Indigenous Relations.

The Chair Liberal Terry Sheehan

Hold on.

Marilène Gill Bloc Côte-Nord—Kawawachikamach—Nitassinan, QC

Mr. Chair, I'd like the microphone to be turned on so the interpreters can do their job.

Ginette Lavack Liberal St. Boniface—St. Vital, MB

My apologies. I was saying that the question was put to the Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations, but the issue is more related to justice.

The Chair Liberal Terry Sheehan

The depth of the question would be for, perhaps, Public Safety or whatnot. We do have someone from Public Safety, as well, if she wishes to—

8:25 a.m.

Conservative

Jamie Schmale Conservative Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes, ON

No, I'd like the minister to respond, because the missing and murdered indigenous women and girls report was done by Crown-Indigenous Relations.

The Chair Liberal Terry Sheehan

She has answered a little bit, but if you want more in-depth stuff—

8:30 a.m.

Conservative

Jamie Schmale Conservative Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes, ON

I'll ask another question.

Minister, we met a few months ago regarding missing art and, of course, it was misplaced arts...We can't call it missing. It's still not found, but we refuse to call it missing, so let's go with misplaced art.

Your ministry has refused to provide details with regard to what actual pieces have gone missing. Why?

Rebecca Alty Liberal Northwest Territories, NT

Thank you, and I appreciate the question.

This is important. One piece is too much, but as you know, those pieces were from the loan program that has been discontinued. There were a number that were duplicate entries. Therefore, they weren't misplaced. Some were located. If you'd like, I can get the deputy minister to speak to that.

8:30 a.m.

Conservative

Jamie Schmale Conservative Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes, ON

I've got notification here that your department is refusing to release the names of the pieces that are still missing.

I'd like to know from you, Minister, why you haven't released that despite an Access to Information Act request.

Rebecca Alty Liberal Northwest Territories, NT

If you'd like, I can get the deputy minister to respond to that.

8:30 a.m.

Conservative

Jamie Schmale Conservative Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes, ON

Okay, maybe I'll get to her in just a second.

Maybe I can bounce over to this question.

Minister, do you believe that two exclusive rights can coexist at the same time, specifically with regard to land, aboriginal title and fee simple property?

Rebecca Alty Liberal Northwest Territories, NT

That one is before the court, so I'll let that—

8:30 a.m.

Conservative

Jamie Schmale Conservative Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes, ON

I'm just asking in general.

Rebecca Alty Liberal Northwest Territories, NT

Yes. As the matter is before the court, I'll let that—