Some of the elements are structural. It's not an easy thing, because if it were easy, I guess we would have resolved it. As Marc said, we're not the only country that faces this problem. Most developed countries do.
There's a bias in the system. To help kids advance in the system to the college and university level, there's a tendency to try to recommend that they take easier subjects, those in which they're going to succeed more easily. There's a fear that math and science are more difficult, and that introduces a bias. There's a notion sometimes in people who have seen the crash and the bursting of the bubble in this sector. As I mentioned at the start, we went through the bubble, came back down and have made it up since. It's as if you drew a straight line through it and the bubble went up and down, and you cut right through it. But there's still a perception that lingers there. There's still a perception that the jobs are like those in the year 2000, when everybody had to do a lot of coding.
So those are all messages we're trying to get to the schools. The sort of bias in the school system is harder to deal with, and it has to be done through the provincial education ministries. But also, there has to be dialogue and interchange with the professors and with the career counsellors. It's not a simple thing.
Regarding the rest, as I say, you need to carry that through to lifelong learning and all that. You also made the comment about not giving up on manufacturing. There is still a significant amount of manufacturing in our industry. A developed country like Canada, with the assets we have, does have quite a place in manufacturing, but it's not necessarily going to be the huge massive things that take place in China, closer to a bigger market. We do have our place there, but it's going to be like everything else, moving up the value scale for something that's more technologically advanced and superior. But while we've gone through this change in our economy—it's since the late 1990s when the impact of ICT has really driven productivity in the economy and this shift has been taking place—we've had the lowest unemployment in Canada and the U.S. and many developed countries in years. So that shows that technology is having a positive impact.