First of all, the question is where the private sector is having its research done. To the extent that it is funding some of the research in the universities, in many cases it's on a contract basis. When I talk about commercialization, I'm not necessarily talking so much about the results of that research directly funded on a contract basis in the institutions; when we're talking about commercialization, I think we're talking more generally about the wide range of research done in the universities, most often publicly funded, and how that research then makes its way to the marketplace.
In five minutes I didn't have time--in fact, I lost some of this as we practised, but I would stress that the relationships between universities and the private sector have become much more complex and much more extensive over the last decade. I think what we have come to understand is reflected in the S and T strategy: that commercialization is not like we used to think of it, a one-way push out of the universities, but is really about building partnerships and a complex network of interrelationships at various levels between the private sector and institutions.
When I say “challenges”, I mean yes, there's more we can do. We've made significant progress, not least in a change in attitudes on both sides, but I think there's room for more. Part of the challenge is that our private sector still does not often have the receptor capacity necessary to be able to take discoveries that have potential market applications and move with them, so part of the challenge is to build that capacity in the private sector.
Again, the S and T strategy notes that our private sector is better able to make use of and see the importance of people with advanced degrees who can form that crucial link. That's part of the challenge. To the extent that the private sector is doing research in universities, that relationship is being enhanced over time.