Let me say that we've been like a roller coaster in Canada. In the mid-1950s, Canada was extraordinarily strategic at the federal level in creating the granting councils, investing in them, and having a sense of the federation and how to optimize what we did.
Then we simply have not stayed the course. We see, both at the provincial level and the federal level, that every time you pull back you really suffer, because you lose ground, so you have to piggyback over what you lost and try to catch up with the competition.
We came back in the late nineties. I think we're certainly seeing the impact of the investments of the last 10 years on retaining and attracting talent. Let me just that say my own university alone attracted 800 new professors—predominantly, I'd say, because of the reputation of my university, but we could not have done it without the new federal programs—60% of them from outside of Canada.
So we're seeing those kinds of trends, but I think if you want to look at the broader commercial and industrial impacts, it will take longer to see them. I think we also have to optimize the provincial-federal policy to see the greatest impact.