Well, I think there are a number of reasons. One is that Canada's industry does not have the scale of many of the other larger countries. But that argument begins to fall apart when you start looking at a country like Sweden, for instance, which is a much smaller country than Canada, and yet Swedish companies typically invest much more heavily in research and development than ours do.
From my experience travelling around the world and talking to colleagues in other countries, I think it's really the environment in which research is done in those other countries. The companies that work there perceive doing research as a high-value activity, and they use the public sector resources, the universities, to leverage their own resources and their own efforts. I think that Canada perhaps has a history of starting and stopping things too quickly before they can really take root well enough. I think we sometimes don't set our priorities and stick with them. So I think there are quite a number of factors that have contributed to this.
I'm always reminded of the president of a large Canadian auto parts company, who said in a CAPC meeting one day that his company had an R and D budget of about $24 million a year and that much of it was spent in Germany because the German institutions could get things done.