In general--this goes back to the 101 thing you were rightly commenting on--entry seems to be the best way to get competition. Given that, the Berkman report has some long discussion of Canada and their opinions about why we fell behind. They argue that we did unbundling of local loop access rather badly, that we put sunset clauses in place so that entrants who were planning to use incumbents' fixed-wire systems to get into people's homes only had a certain number of years. Then they would have to either get their own local loops or leave.
We changed the rules. According to the Berkman Center, our incumbents charge the highest cost in the OECD for local loop access, that is, for access to homes, the final little bit where you have to go through copper.
It looks as if we've deregulated and allowed entrants in, but there's still some question as to how viable those entrants are compared to entrants in other OECD economies because of the way we've done it.