Can I talk about medicine and telehealth? I have a medical background, so I'm rather biased.
I talked about the neuroArm a few minutes ago. One of the things that the ground team needs to do is provide health care for astronauts in orbit. We're isolated in orbit. If we have a medical problem, you have to think very carefully about whether you're going to return that individual to the ground or allow the person to continue in orbit. We like to continue the mission if at all possible. Therefore we have some in situ medical capability on board the station and we have some training ourselves. We are able to deal with the usual types of problems and also with serious problems, such as cardiac dysrhythmias.
A lot of the techniques we have developed have spun off to Earth-based applications. A lot of the telemetry equipment in ICUs, the intensive care units, came from our space program, from wireless technology and from miniaturization technology as well.
One of the problems that Canada has is trying to attract young graduate doctors to remote communities or to northern Canada. One of the reasons is that they don't feel technologically supported up there. A lot of the technologies that we have developed—the ultrasound technology, the telehealth technology, consultations with specialists at tertiary care centres—we're developing in concert with the people on Earth. Canada is a country that really needs telehealth, and we're working well that way. In our program, there's spin-off and spin-in. Some day we're going to go to Mars and we're going to be performing surgery on astronauts on Mars. The kind of laparoscopic, keyhole surgery that we will develop for those procedures can be performed in northern Canada and hopefully will attract young doctors who graduate in Canada away from the big cities and up into the small centres in Canada's north.