When Access Copyright applied for their increased tariff, it went from $3.50 per student—every year we would pay $3.50—to $35 per student at the colleges. At that point in time, because we were all moving towards a more digital environment and demand by students for 24-7 access, similarly to what Ms. Ludbrook told you, we started looking at our transactions. We started noticing that many of the things we would pay Access Copyright for, if we continued in our licence with them, we were already paying with our vendors online for our digital.
Really, we were trying to figure out why we were double paying for access to this content, particularly when we pay and give our students 24-7 access, and our faculty could create persistent links so they didn't have to make any copies; they could send the student directly to the link. Really, all of us started looking much more closely at what we were paying for. Seneca was one of the first back in 2012. Our contract was coming due and we opted out.