I wouldn't agree with that.
Number one, it's worth noting that on the music side, we're actually a licence platform. We have thousands of licence agreements with collectives, publishers and labels worldwide. They feed what we call “YouTube main”, the general online video platform, as well as some of the specific music-related services we have, such as Google Play Music or YouTube Music. We're operating in a licensed environment there.
Second, with respect to the broader user-generated content, despite the fact that we had the benefit of the safe harbour, which allowed us to operate the business, it still didn't stop us from implementing our Content ID system in order to basically manage that content.
I think it's one of the most powerful copyright management tools on the the planet. It allows all rights holders of any class, whether music or any other type, to monetize content uploaded by users and make revenue, or, if they choose, they can block it and take it off the platform if they want to drive revenue to other platforms. They can do that as well. That certainly didn't stop us from introducing it and working with partners so they could monetize.
User-generated content aspects are critical to an open Internet. This is the whole point. We have any number of very successful music artists—lately it's been Shawn Mendes—who essentially made their mark on the platform, and if it weren't for open platforms like this, they might never have been discovered. Justin Bieber is another classic example.