I'll just briefly highlight a couple more of our recommendations before concluding.
Again, and similar to the overarching approach upon which we have based our assessment of the Copyright Act review process, one of the recommendations we make is to introduce a provision relating to open access to research and scientific publications, especially in the context of publicly funded research. The federal government has already introduced a tri-agency open access policy for publicly funded research. Our recommendation is to provide for this type of open access provision as a principle within the Copyright Act, and this could be done in a manner that doesn't unduly interfere with the reasonable expectations of the copyright holder in that the publications could be deposited in an institutional repository after a reasonable period of time, with appropriate attribution.
In a similar vein, new technologies and new practices like text and data mining, which allow you to capture large amounts of data that offer insights and innovative solutions to pressing problems, have become important research methods for researchers at academic institutions. The risk of copyright infringement for reproducing copyright works when scraping, mining or downloading is an inhibiting factor that should militate in favour of a reasonable measure to remove some of the copyright barriers to this kind of research.
Finally, with regard to works generated by artificial intelligence, we take it that the rationale underlying copyright is to incentivize human beings to create, disseminate and learn, so we recommend that works entirely created by AI should not be subject to copyright protection. If a human being has exercised sufficient skill and judgment in the way in which they use software or other technologies to produce an original work, then the established copyright principles would apply. There is no policy consistent with history, theory or practice that would justify expanding copyright to works entirely created by artificial intelligence and without any direct human intervention.
The recommendations made in our briefs are modest and incremental steps to maintain a fair balance between the rights of copyright holders, users and the public interest. They are consistent with governing principles that inform our approach to the law. This approach advocates for a continuum on the evolution of copyright that takes a broader approach to competing interests rather than constantly increasing the protection of copyright holders as soon as new technologies emerge, without any consideration of the impact of such enlarged protection on copyright users.
This concludes our remarks. We'd like to thank you very much for hearing us out, and we'd be happy to answer any questions you may have.
Thank you.