Typically, when we're working with universities, it will be under some sort of grant program. Those grant programs have requirements, usually to fund research within a university. A good part of the requirements is they require a commercialization partner, like a tech company like ours. Ultimately, the goal is to find commercial value out of research outcomes.
The problems arise in the funding models. Usually it's some sort of matching program. It might be dollar-for-dollar matching, based on the funds raised against government funds. Those funds typically come from companies like ours. When we are paying for half the cost of the program, we are investing our people time additionally to jointly do that research with the university.
At the end of the day, if we then have to pay the university for either a licence or the purchase of IP, since it's jointly arising IP, then to a large degree we feel we have already paid for that IP, either through our own dollars or through Canadian government dollars. Technically, we're paying for a licence or a purchase: it seems as if we're paying twice.