In the case of therapeutics, I've been familiar with Eli Lilly, which has produced an antibody-based therapeutic for the treatment of COVID-19 that has been used hundreds of thousands of times in the U.S. They are distributing it on an as-needed basis and globally to Germany, France, Israel and other locations.
When there's a supply problem, there will be some sort of “on an as-needed basis” in terms of allocating distribution.