I'll try to answer that, since I do global government relations.
I think Canada has a leadership role in many aspects of quantum, but not in all, so yes, you do need to partner internationally. You need to partner with folks in the United Kingdom and in Europe. You need to partner with folks in the U.S. Australia is actually looking at application development for transportation systems. I do think that there is international co-operation and international partnership that needs to be had amongst allied nations, so I think this is an area in which to lean in.
As to a CARPA-style program, if you look at what DARPA is already doing right now, they have a quantum program on benchmarking. They're looking at how to build a quantum computer in a phased approach. I mentioned in my testimony the quantum sandbox with application development. That could also be within one of these styles of programs, wherein you're actually building the applications while also looking at how to make the systems better.
To answer your question, yes, it does need to be in an international fashion.