Section 41.21 of the act allows the creation of regulations to exempt TPMs in certain contexts and to exempt certain classes of them from protection. You could analogize this to the United States' Digital Millennium Copyright Act review and exemption process, which happens every three years under that framework.
There are some lessons to be learned from that approach in that, for one, a substantial amount of evidence has to be produced every three years to get an exemption. That process applies only to direct acts of circumvention, and does not apply to what is sometimes called the trafficking or circulation of circumvention tools.
In order to really give effect to the right to repair, solutions need to be shared. A big part of repair is that it's really about devising solutions, sharing, building community and building collective knowledge. Sharing tools is important to that step.
Section 41.21 of Canada's act enables us to do both at once. There would be a way under section 41.21 to create blanket exceptions for TPMs, which undermine competition in aftermarket sectors. Following that, in the second subsection of section 41.21 there is a framework to create regulations that exempt whole classes, or types, of TPMs from protection, where they produce undue and disproportionate impacts on certain markets. Any relevant factor is, in fact, one of the factors in that list, so it's quite a broad scope of a basis for regulation.