Mr. Chair, I appreciate the question.
One goal of the continued work on economic security is the heightened knowledge and capacity across the entirety of the ecosystem, including other levels of government that intersect and engage with partners. That's at the root of lots of the work that's under way with research security, trying to ensure there is a much stronger base of knowledge for all parties within the system about the ways in which they're intersecting with foreign investors and with national security and economic security concerns.
Obviously, given the responsibilities set out by various levels of government, we don't have a capacity to cut off things like the ability for other levels of government to contract with entities. What we can do is control the foreign direct investment into Canada in the first place and whether they are an illegal Canadian entity for operations within Canada—and those determinations come through the ICA process—and then obviously the degree to which any subsequent investments by those organizations are actually possible.
I think we need to look at the full tool kit within some of those, because obviously we can't bind municipalities or provinces with regard to what's within their full jurisdiction. What we can do is use our tool kits and our knowledge and capacity building to ensure that everyone is at least aware of the situation and working together toward the same ends, and then use the ICA where it is most useful, which is in reviewing foreign direct investment into the country, including the establishment of operations within the country.