Thank you very much.
With respect to social and economic rights, there is a lot of truth in the general view that those are stronger. What the revolution did very quickly was to broaden education and access to health in Cuba, so that Cuba, in a sense, pulled ahead of the rest of Latin American in the 1960s in education, in life expectancy, in all the things that result from a good health system. Cuba was very successful there. Cuba also cut open unemployment, converting it into hidden unemployment, or “unemployment on the job”, one might say.
So I don't want to slight Cuba's achievement. But I would also point out that now Cuba is about sixth in Latin America in terms of the human development index and sixth in terms of the human poverty index.
In other words, what has happened in the last 40 years since 1959 is that other Latin American countries, namely Chile, Costa Rica, Uruguay, Argentina, Barbados—and I'm missing a couple—have pulled ahead in terms of the human development index, which is measured in terms of educational achievement and health achievement or life expectancy. Cuba did well, but it has been surpassed by other countries in Latin American, some of them starting in a position much inferior to Cuba's.
Likewise, it's very interesting that in the human poverty index, which takes into account such things as access to water, illiteracy, the proportion of children dying before age five, and that kind of thing, Cuba also is number six. It's not number one in terms of having the least poverty any more; it's number six, and those countries that I named are ahead of Cuba.
Cuba's revolutionary policies, in education and health especially, did achieve rapid results, and those results continue. Nothing is perfect, and we have problems with our health system. Cuba has big problems with its health system—and its educational system, of course. Cuba has maintained its advances there, but other countries have done very well and have surpassed Cuba as well.
I personally don't think one should counterbalance the human rights of a political and civil nature vis-à-vis the social and economic rights. One can have both, as shown by other Latin countries.
Concerning the planting of chips, I'm sorry, I have no information. I've never heard of it before.
Thank you.