First of all, I think an inquiry would need to be held to be able to work out exactly the motives of those who were involved in the incitement, but there is no doubt that armed groups of militia do target particular constituencies of people to get rid of them, to get them out of a particular area.
This is surmise, but I think the motivation is that these are often areas where there is a shortage of land and there's access to quite remunerative land. If a member of parliament or a politician can offer his constituencies greater access to the goods, it's quite a strong incentive for them to support them in the future. That's number one.
The elections were remarkably peaceful. I recommend to the committee the report from the European Union observer mission, as well as the post-election analysis made by the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights, both of which are available on their respective websites.
If one looks at the events, on the 27th of December the elections took place. They were closed that evening. At every single constituency, at every one of the 70,000 polling stations, there were people from all parties there. Each of them signed off the results. Each of them maintained and kept records of that. Even the police kept records of how the voting took place, what the final results at the constituency level were. They were then transmitted by fax or other means to the Electoral Commission of Kenya at the Kenyatta International Conference Centre in Nairobi.
By the 29th of December, no results had been announced. There were rumours that something was going on. These rumours were confirmed when the government service unit, the paramilitary force that reports only to the president, took over that part of Nairobi, emptied the building, completely excluded all international observers, and excluded all members of opposition parties who were there and who had a right to be observers at the Electoral Commission. Having done that, the chair then went on television to announce that Mwai Kibaki had won the elections.
There was deep suspicion that something had gone wrong. This suspicion was confirmed 24 hours later when a parliamentary officer, who was seconded to the Electoral Commission, stood up at a press conference, on television, and said that the results announced by the chair of the Electoral Commission of Kenya were not consistent with the results actually obtained.
Twenty-four hours later, four commissioners of the actual commission, all of whom had been appointed by Mwai Kibaki, also stood up courageously and at a press conference announced that these results were being rigged, that they were not the correct results that had been announced.
Since then, Mr. Kivuitu, who is the chair of the Electoral Commission, also admitted that what he had actually announced was not consistent with the results that were given.