Yes. There have been a number of them, and in fact several recently. The closest recent examples include Macedonia, where a UN peacekeeping force was sent in at the border to keep the ethnic cleansing and genocide occurring in Kosovo from spilling over the border into Macedonia. It only took 400 troops, actually, and it succeeded. It was also facilitated by moderate leaders on both sides, both the Albanian Muslim side and the Macedonian side, who were willing to work out an agreement in that case. That was a case where they were really close. They were up to preparation.
Another case where you could argue that the genocidal massacres had already begun was in East Timor, right after the vote for independence. Because Australia intervened with UN approval so quickly, within two weeks, and there was a multinational force that included Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and a lot of others, that genocide was stopped. It was a model of how this ought to be done. I think those are two good examples of how genocides, in fact, can be stopped. They were done both by the exercise of strong political will and with a strong state to lead.
This, by the way, is something that I specifically would like to underline for Canada. Canada is one of the few states with the capacity. It not only has international law and international human rights in mind, but it also has a strong military. You have a special role to play here, along with some others, like Australia, that really can only be played by a few states.
So I was delighted when Canada and Denmark and some of the other countries launched this idea of the standby high-readiness brigade a few years back. I know that Canada continues to be a leader in training peacekeeping forces through your institute here in Canada. We're only beginning to catch up. Our military is not really trained for that yet, and we need to be.