Your comment on your experience in Saudi Arabia is quite appalling. Talking about military authorities, I recently saw a documentary entitled Weapon of War, which concerned the issue of sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It follows the story of Captain Basima, a former rebel who joined the new Congolese army. When he joined it, Captain Basima went around the activity centres to make the men aware of the issue of sexual violence. He tried to inform them about international law, about the conventions protecting women, about women's human rights, the right to gender equality, etc. At one point in the documentary, it was really interesting. The man who was responsible for the soldiers' awareness training told how he seduced his wife. He told how he found her very pretty and how much he wanted her. He had to have her at any cost, and that's what he did. In a way, he pardoned his violent behaviour toward that woman. That same man was responsible for the awareness training. There's something wrong when the person who is responsible himself internalizes those standards of social behaviour. The fact that anyone talks about sexual violence as a crime in the Congolese army is progress in itself. However, there's still a lot of work to be done with regard to social standards. There's no easy solution.
On the other hand, having somewhat studied and known people who provide training on sexual violence to UN staff deployed on missions, I know that training often lasts two weeks. Once staff go out on mission, training is offered by a cell that focuses a lot on details, on communications, on radio, etc. In that two-week training, they spend a morning on sexual violence, on questions of that kind, and so on. There's only one morning out of a two-week training course. Most of the military members surveyed after the training have a vague idea of what sexual violence, gender and discrimination are. It's a matter of social standards. Often the military members, who belong to this highly patriarchal and militaristic institution, perceive all this as an attack on their cultural standards. They are very reluctant about this type of training, about this type of dialogue for fighting sexual violence, from the standpoint of social standards.