In most of these countries there is already a normative framework which is good enough, one could say. They very often have ambitious legislation against rape. They have the laws and the rules are there, but it's a matter of implementing of them. Unfortunately in the DRC, as you might know, they were not happy with my repeating the notion that the DRC was the rape capital of the world. I did not coin the phrase, but I said that as long as they allowed this to continue, their reputation would be taken hostage by the rapists and by the armed groups that use sexual violence as a tactic of war. It's very important that they themselves show that they are serious about fighting impunity, that they actually arrest these commanders. I think the whole attitude from governments and ministers has been lax until now, but I think we are seeing progress. We are seeing that we can mobilize them and that there is more of an accountability. It has become a liability also for governments that the international community is reporting on it and is following up, that the Security Council is discussing it, that there are sanctions committees in the UN dealing with it, and that there are these lists that name and shame. That is extremely important.
In Angola they were very clear and very much on the defensive. They said that this is not at all systemic, that they have found one case of a police officer who has done this and he has been arrested and put in jail. The attitude can be a little different, but they have to show they are serious by addressing these problems of impunity. Also there is the role of women. They have to give women a voice. They have to give women influence if this is to be changed over time.