I think the challenge always with a decentralized system of education is that you can develop guidelines and tools. It's ensuring that those are actually used in the classroom. The question came up earlier about what some of the obstacles are. I think the obstacle remains getting the individual teachers engaged in a way that they feel comfortable teaching an extremely complex and difficult issue. Not only is the Holocaust itself a complex and difficult issue to teach, anti-Semitism is a difficult and sometimes separate topic that requires teaching.
The United Kingdom, for example—one of our ITF good partners—recently undertook probably the largest educational research project in this area in the world, through the Institute of Education at the University of London. They spoke with thousands of teachers across the United Kingdom and asked them about their attitudes toward Holocaust education and about some of the obstacles they faced. It's a very illuminating study which the U.K. published on this issue.
Not surprisingly, I think the results would be similar in Canada. Teachers consistently say that the biggest obstacle to Holocaust education is time. You don't have necessarily a lot of time in the curriculum to devote to a large and difficult subject. Sometimes, if you talk to Holocaust educators, as we do—experts with the ITF—they will tell you that in some respects it's just as dangerous to have too little time to devote to the Holocaust as it is to devote no time at all.
This is something that we're seized with. Certainly experts who gather and form, frankly, the backbone of the ITF are seized with how to create meaningful guidelines, not just in Holocaust education but in linking Holocaust education to other genocides. That is what is often relevant for students in the classroom, how we can link the Holocaust with Rwanda, with Darfur, with Cambodia. A lot of innovative work has come out of those meetings of experts which the ITF has facilitated to provide tools for teachers that allow them to reach students in meaningful ways, given constraints around time and complexity.