If I could just flesh that out maybe more specifically, imagine a woman is put in jail, in Evin prison, for taking off her hijab, and we're able to determine who is responsible for that decision to put her into prison, to torture her, and to abuse her, and we identify that individual who's responsible for the repression. Now the question is, what do you do about that? Well, there's a name-and-shame element, which is to call out this individual and make sure we broadcast that far and wide.
Practically speaking, here are some of the things we can do to that individual. The first thing we can do is impose a travel ban. This would be a travel ban that means that individual cannot come to Canada. There would hopefully be a U.S. travel ban. We could hopefully work with our European friends on a European travel ban.
The question is, how do you enforce a travel ban, and how meaningful is it? If you attach secondary sanctions to that travel ban, then all of a sudden, you've created a situation where, if that individual tried to fly into Ottawa, Washington, or Berlin, then those sanctions could be applied against the company that is refuelling their plane. How do we know that works? When Foreign Minister Zarif landed in Frankfurt, as a result of sanctions, no private fuelling company would refuel his plane. This is the foreign minister of Iran. The German government had to order the German military to go and refuel his plane, so imagine the complications that this can cause.
You can have some real, practical impact. I mentioned financial sanctions. These are men—generally men—who not only want to travel abroad, but they want to move their money abroad. They want to move their money into safe havens, because they know, given the rial-dollar exchange rate, they may become increasingly poor if they keep their money in rials, so they want to do it in U.S. dollars and euros. Imagine if, as they are moving their money, we target those financial transactions, and we freeze those assets. We make sure that they can't launder their money through the Vancouver or Toronto real estate market or real estate markets in Europe and abroad where they're doing this.
These are the practical effects of targeted sanctions, and these are the kinds of sanctions that make a real difference, which you have the authority to impose as Canadian government officials.