I think it is inherently a two-tier system at all levels, a very repressive, abusive two-tier system that has instilled an enormous amount of fear among the Uighur community in China and across Xinjiang. I can't really speak to the judicial processes, because again, as my colleague said, these are all extrajudicial mechanisms, around which the Chinese government has tried to create a kind of veneer of legality, but it doesn't really stand up to the facts.
I would say, in terms of that two-tier system, that a few other issues are important to note. Even when we speak about checkpoints and increased surveillance in Xinjiang, there are checkpoints inside the area, in which the Han Chinese will go in one way in a sort of “fast pass area” for Chinese tourists who might be visiting the province, while if you are an ethnic Uighur or other Turkic Muslim you are forced through a different checkpoint area in which there are retinal scans and all kinds of other biometrics employed. At every level, then, it is a two-tiered system.