If I may add in response to Honourable Anita's question, one of the challenges with the conflict in Cameroon is that we don't have access to the most updated information. Once in a while there's a massive atrocity, like the massacre in Ngarbuh or the massacre of schoolchildren in Kumba, and everyone cries out, but lives are being lost on a daily basis.
One of the things that Canada can do is to lead the calls for an official international fact-finding mission that would be able to go into the conflict areas and collect the data that are required to let the world know how many lives have been lost, how many people are in the bushes, how many people have been affected and how many people are in detention, so that we can have specific data to work with. Without such a high-level fact-finding mission, there's right now a lot of propaganda on social media. No one owns up to the atrocities that are committed unless there's proof the party has been identified with a specific act of massacre or a specific violation of human rights. A fact-finding mission would be a good place to start, and from there we would be able to identify the perpetrators and work to bring them to justice.
Because of the very polarized nature of this conflict, it's going to be incredibly difficult for justice to be meted out by parties who are themselves parties to the conflict. That's why there's a very strong emphasis on finding ways to bring the perpetrators of the massacres before an international jurisdiction and to work with other countries to make that possible. I think even though Cameroon is a signatory but hasn't ratified the Rome convention, the actions of the other member states that are being impacted by this conflict could facilitate an investigation by the ICC and jurisdiction being taken up by that institution. That would help us deal with the issues of impunity.
It's also important to see sanctions as one way of crippling impunity, because once targeted sanctions are meted out against the perpetrators, it sends a very strong signal that the world is watching and that impunity will no longer be accepted.