I'm completely certain that this was a genocide. It hits all of the marks for the international legal definition of genocide. You clearly have an ethnic and religious group and there are documents from the time period that show they were targeted: the call for jihad against Hazaras because they were Shia. That's one thing.
You have the destruction of the whole or part of the group. Absolutely, this is what happened. If you think about what it means, more than 60% of the population being killed, enslaved or displaced, that absolutely checks that box. You think about the conditions that were made so that this group could not survive. You think about the subsequent giving away of Hazara land, displacement of Hazaras, enslavement of Hazaras and heavy taxation. When I talk about taxation, it seems like something not very important, but I'm talking about a level of taxes specific to Hazaras that made survival impossible.
I keep coming back to the women issue and the issue of rape and forced marriages. This isn't something that is much talked about, for cultural reasons, but this was also a huge problem. The silence that surrounds this is important. We're only just now starting to see, to talk about what it meant that so many of the enslaved Hazaras who were given away as spoils of war were women who were raped and pushed into forced marriages. This also constituted an effort to destroy an ethnic and religious group.
As I said, I have no doubt in my mind that what happened in 1891 to 1893 fulfills the definition of genocide—no doubt whatsoever.