In the case of the Hazaras in Afghanistan, we have a situation where religion, race and ethnicity are inextricably entwined. When you see somebody with facial features that appear to be Hazara, there's this assumption that the person is Shia, whether or not that is the case. We know that there are Sunni Hazaras and there are Christian Hazaras. There are others.
We also know there are other Shia Afghans who have not experienced what Hazaras have experienced. Part of the reason, but not the only reason, is that they are more able to blend into their communities. I've known Shia Pashtuns for years, and only after years understood they were Shia, when they told me this.
Hazaras are at this juncture that causes this real, particular vulnerability. In the time of Abdur Rahman, when he issued these fatwas and called upon this, there is evidence that he also used these religious divisions to his benefit but in the end really attacked the entire Hazara community. Initially, he divided the Shias from the Sunnis and kind of got the Sunnis on his side, but by the end of these two years of war, he was clamping down and attacking, enslaving and killing all of the Hazara community. I think we have to see them as linked.