That's an excellent question.
I would say that these states are profiting from the suffering of the Sudanese people. For instance, for the UAE and for many countries, it's about seeking access to land and resources, the seaport. In particular, the gold trade is fairly large and active in the region. Gold is a major source of funding for countries like the UAE and Russia that are conspiring to basically extract it and to colonize and steal from the Sudanese people.
That's the way I would frame it. While Sudanese people are dying on a daily basis and being killed by these armed forces and militias, the enablers are getting away scot-free from their homes in Dubai, let's say, or Abu Dhabi, and they're actually making money off this because they're smuggling out the kind of natural resources and access that serves them.
I would say that's what makes it so pernicious, and that's what makes the initiatives that I mentioned before so important: going after, for instance, at the International Court of Justice or through sanctions, the entities and states that are benefiting from this conflict, to hold them accountable. This is a massive impunity gap.
It's not only about holding accountable fighters on the ground. It's about their enablers and sponsors. It's very clear that they would collapse and the fighting would end without the support of the UAE, for instance. It's the UAE more so than any other country, but as you mentioned, countries like Russia, China, Turkey, Iran and Serbia have also been identified as supporting it, though not to the same extent, in terms of finances, political backing, diplomatic cover, and of course, supplying heavy weaponry and drones. The UAE is now increasingly implicated in that and has to be called out, sanctioned and taken to court over these continued violations. Otherwise the war will continue.
These are the drivers of conflict, and that's why they are the key targets to look at.