We think of climate change in many of these crises as a crisis multiplier. We're trying to understand and untangle exactly what this means.
In our projects, in some instances, there are very clear medical impacts that climate change has, for example, changing patterns of disease. In some instances, diseases such as malaria have a seasonal routine or pattern to them, but we're seeing peaks of malaria that are more intense. We're seeing seasonal malaria cases arriving at different times and so on. Climate change, from a medical perspective, is in some instances changing the patterns of disease and making them more unpredictable.
From the perspective of forced migration, what we hear from people, in particular people who are dependent on agriculture for livelihoods and so on, is that, if soil becomes unusable, it becomes a bit of a complex integration of multiple things. If somebody is dependent on a climate-sensitive industry for economic viability, and they're living in a conflict setting and so on, this multiplies the level of stressors that a person is facing.
We are hearing in our projects more and more that people are saying that climate is impacting their ability to have a basic livelihood and is one of the factors that is contributing to a decision to flee, but that's often layered on top of underlying violence, conflict and other things as well.