That's a very interesting question.
Under Brazil's import substitution model, which is what you're referring to and which was copied in other Latin American countries, there was sort of a state involvement in the economy. It was state directed, and it proved, in the end, not to work.
The proponent after Raúl Prebisch was Fernando Henrique Cardoso, who was, until a few years ago, the President of Brazil. Fernando Henrique Cardoso in the sixties and seventies was a big proponent of import substitution, high tariff walls--exactly what you're discussing. He had his—