First of all, on the Nordic model, the Nordic countries as a whole—and I'll take Norway out, because it's a special case because of oil and gas. They are high tax, high spending, high R and D spending, high productivity economies in Denmark, Sweden, and Finland. I believe the key driver on the R and D side is the fact that they joined the EU and have been exposed to massive new competition within Europe. In those countries, there's almost no protection. As a firm, you either compete or you die, so firms have had to innovate. They've had to invest massively in R and D.
That's why our advice is to create the single Canadian market: to actually allow our firms to compete harder to get to an efficient scale. That's a critical piece, because you can be a high tax, high spending, high productivity economy. It's being done in Ireland, Iceland, and Scandinavia right now.