I believe the numbers from the chamber, if I'm not mistaken, suggested that since 2001 there has been a 300% increase in the time it takes to cross the border, and the cost associated with those measures is about $14 billion U.S. So there is definitely a challenge. I'm not sure that prior to 2001 that challenge didn't exist already in terms of actually having the physical infrastructure in place to facilitate cross-border trade.
I think what 9/11 did was bring a laser focus to the issue and how we needed to look at developing some solutions. Situations like trying to address the new border crossing in Windsor have been, and continue to be, long-term propositions that we hope will be resolved sooner rather than later. Putting a new bridge across a river does take time. Environmental assessments do need to be conducted. The proper legwork on both sides of the border needs to be undertaken.
So I would suggest it's a combination of both. It's the physical infrastructure crossing the border. It's the infrastructure leading up to the border. And then the other element, as you suggest, would be the customs mechanisms, for instance, that are used to facilitate that cross-border trade. Ms. Osmond mentioned the e-manifest as being one of them.