Thank you for those excellent questions.
On the intellectual property rights issue, this is something very much under the radar and it has not been getting nearly enough attention in the deal. This is a serious break from Canadian past practice. We have not negotiated TRIPS-plus provisions in our bilaterals. And why are our negotiators pursuing that in this deal? These will lock in policies that have contributed to drugs being the main driver of costs in the health care system within Canada, as you mentioned, and will have a very deleterious impact in countries like Korea, but particularly in developing countries like Colombia and Peru, where they will give more opportunities for the brand name drug companies to wring out excessive profits.
On the job loss study, I hope you will be bringing the authors of that study before the committee--I think next week--and they will be able to speak more to it. What is very interesting and credible about that study by the Canadian Auto Workers is that it is not based on computer-generated equilibrium models or attempts to predict the future. It is based on extrapolations from the historical experience of Canada under its existing bilateral free trade agreements.
In each case--although, say, in the case of Chile, two-way trade has grown--Canada's import share of the partner country has fallen in every instance except the United States, where it's maintained the same share.
On the general issue, again, this is a very important point. We have gone through a period of very strong economic growth for the last 15 years. There has been a very strong productivity growth. Yet real wages in this country have stagnated. That's a very important issue. What are we doing wrong? In terms of trade issues, we have to look at the quality of trade. We can't put all our eggs in the resource basket. Manufacturing is a very critical component of a healthy economy that creates a value and jobs in other sectors as well. So we have to look for government policies that support that sector.
Services are important, but if you look, for example, at two-way trade in services between Canada and Korea, it's less than a billion dollars annually, and most of that is travel and tourism currently. There is obviously enormous potential for growth, but it is not going to replace manufacturing as the motor of Canadian trade.