To answer that part of your question, there were a number of those studies in relation to the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement. There were many economic models put in place to study the impacts of the free trade agreement. Those who were around for those debates will recall predictions of significant productivity gains, a harmonization in productivity levels between Canada and the United States, and a significant increase in GDP. Of course none of those did prevail. We actually fell further behind the Americans in productivity terms after the free trade agreement.
In terms of the scale of the impact on exports and imports, however, the free trade agreement had a much larger effect than any of those computer models indicated. That supports the hypothesis that a structural change occurs once you have implemented a free trade agreement. The amount of trade going in both directions grows much faster than you would expect looking only at the tariff rates.
The problem for Canada is that in four of the five cases our imports grew more than twice as fast as our exports grew. That's where the job loss comes from.