Latin America is the most unequal region in the world, largely because the rich are very rich. There are historical reasons for this that date back to colonial times. The disturbing and troubling thing about inequality in Latin America is that it's so persistent. Even a country like Chile, which is surely the most successful example of a market-oriented economy and has seen poverty alleviated, has nonetheless seen inequality persist and even get worse in recent years.
We have to ask ourselves if we are in the world of the Kuznets' curve, where inequality increases at the outset of industrialization and then improves over time. I would argue there isn't a lot of basis for suggesting that's the case in Latin America today, partly because we have not made the kinds of public investments required to ensure that those at the bottom benefit. I think you drive incomes up across the board and attenuate inequality by ensuring that productivity gains are passed on to workers and investments are made in their ability to be gainfully employed.