There are a lot of studies on TPP using what are called computable general equilibrium models, and most of them are irrelevant to my argument because those studies just generally compare a world with TPP to a world with no TPP, and I don't think that's the decision you are faced with here. The decision you are faced with here is, do you want to be in a world where the United States is a member of TPP and Canada is not.
Our research is mostly on cross-border supply chains and the integration of other industries as well, agrifood; and certainly the automotive industry is the most important at this crossing. We have an assembly plant here in town. It requires 200 to 300 trucks a day to come across the Ambassador Bridge for that assembly plant to work.
Remember that Canada and the United States are not a customs union, so it's not like Europe where stuff just goes across the border. There has to be customs administration on everything, and there are rules of origin that come into play. If we get into a situation where the United States is able to play by one set of rules of origin, and Canada is constrained to a more restrictive set of rules of origin, even if we would prefer, overall, to be using that more restrictive set of rules of origin, it will put Canada at a disadvantage because it will make it more difficult to operate those supply chains across the border.
That's how our research at the Cross-Border Institute relates it.