I will have to leave that to other people to try to answer.
Looking at the pharmaceutical industry is not the major focus of the research work that I undertake. However, I would point out a few things around the issues that have been discussed around intellectual property rights and pharmaceuticals. One of them is that the original TRIPS agreement, with its 20-year term, was actually designed to take into account regulatory delays. By putting in patent term extensions, that's a kind of new provision that goes over and above what had already been anticipated as being a sufficiently long period of time of patent protection.
My major concern is less to do about how it's going to affect us if Canada doesn't ratify. I'm concerned that if Canada does ratify, it goes back to more questions about how we extend our public health insurance programs. We've talked about the necessity of trying to create some sort of pharmacare. My concerns about pharmacare would be less about what the drug patent legislation or the chapter in the TPP provides, and more about what the chapter in ISDS provides. That would leave us vulnerable if we extended into a public monopoly program to cover the costs of pharmaceuticals, or it could be dental care, eye care, home care. If we negotiated that in collaboration with the different provinces, we could be vulnerable to an investor-state suit because of how we foreclose the potential of foreign-invested private health insurance in that market.