Maybe we can take it sector by sector. Or maybe I could start by taking a step back.
There are different things that a trade agreement does for Canadians, and Canadians who are interested in trading, but even in terms of job creation that is a product of Canadian companies and that trade.
The first is the meat and potatoes, if you will, of a trade agreement, which is tariff reduction. Tariff reduction is what we call the goods market access outcomes which allow Canadian products, goods, to be exported to TPP countries at lower rates or zero tariffs. That makes our products more competitive vis-à-vis our competitors in those regions.
Some of the biggest tariff outcomes in this agreement, the most economically valuable, will be in relation to Japan. Japan is an economy that has very high tariffs and has not reduced those tariffs in many years. Even in the context of bilateral FTAs that they're negotiating with other countries, they make very modest changes, in my view, in the areas of primary export to Canada.
In the TPP, however, we have achieved significant benefits into the Japanese market through full tariff elimination on many agricultural products, some phased in over periods of up to 10 years, some more immediate, depending on the sector. We have achieved full tariff elimination for fish and seafood, again in all of the areas that are of interest to Canadian exporters. That's just Japan. There is also the market access into Malaysia, into Vietnam, into these other fast-growing Asian markets that have a middle-class that is far outpacing ours in terms of growth.
The other thing I would say is that the TPP, as I explained in my opening statement, is an agreement that's grown over time during the course of the negotiation, and it is designed to continue to grow. There are many countries that are already very eager to join the agreement, even though it hasn't yet entered into force. What that means is, when those countries enter into the agreement, they too will be committing to tariff elimination. We will have the opportunity to request that of those countries.