I have two thoughts, Arif. First, those sanctions do work. Even before the invasion, there had been a tremendous impact. In 2013 the GDP per capita in Russia was about $16,000 U.S. annually. In 2021 it was $10,000 U.S. per capita—40% less for every Russian. It is working, and it will work in the future. The sanctions take time.
The other thought is very simple. Putin in many ways is not the source of the problems we face. He is a reflection of Russian society. He is a reflection of the Russian elite and of the Russian white population. That means that this threat is existential not just for us. It will stay with us for decades and maybe generations to come.
That is why we have to do sanctions very seriously. This is no time for half measures. Thanks to Canada for being a true leader in bringing this international coalition together.