I thank the member for that question.
Falling on your last point, the idea there may be some regulatory chill.... From an academic point of view, that has been well studied. There certainly is no definitive conclusion that this is the case. If you look at the specific case law in terms of pure winners and losers, certainly, investors have not had particular success under these treaties. In fact, they received, when they were successful, fractions of what they claimed. Governments routinely win these cases. From the stats, it's hard to say this is something that has been undermining governments' right to regulate.
That being said—and this is WTO and all of international law—it is like all law. It puts limits on government and addresses very fundamental rights, such as not being discriminated against, being treated fairly and equitably, and being compensated for expropriation. These are very basic standards that have developed in international economic law in the last 100 years. It shouldn't be something the Canadian government and governments are afraid of.