Thank you, Mr. Ross.
My next question is for Mr. Laird.
Investor-state dispute settlement mechanisms are included in the CPTPP, as they are in most other agreements. An exception is CUSMA, from which the famous chapter 11 of NAFTA was removed. This opens the door for foreign investors to bring legal action against a country that is promoting a public policy. The United Kingdom expressed its concerns in a report by the standing committee on international trade in London.
The report places the blame on policies aimed at increasing the minimum wage, ensuring affordable water rights for citizens and phasing out of fossil fuels. That is to say that even if these provisions could, in theory, make it possible to break through certain illegitimate non-tariff barriers, they would also somewhat censor democratic debate and political decision-making.
What mechanisms do you recommend to strike a balance between the healthy harmonization of public policies and respect of the right to legislate?