With respect to WTO dispute settlement reform, there are active negotiations ongoing in Geneva to try to reform the system. The genesis of this was the 12th WTO ministerial conference, where members agreed, including the United States, that they would work towards the restoration of a fully functioning WTO dispute settlement system by 2024. I think many of the members would like to see that happen at the next WTO ministerial conference, which is in February 2024, although I think the U.S. views it as perhaps longer than that.
Currently, we're in the third phase of negotiations. The U.S. set up a framework for these discussions. They're led at the legal adviser level in Geneva. I work with my counterpart in Geneva on these negotiations. They've come to a point where there are 12 core interests that are being discussed. One of them is the U.S.'s concerns over the WTO appellate body, which the U.S. has criticized quite extensively in the past. We're now at the solutions phase, which is being led by a facilitator in Geneva. We're actively putting forward proposals with other like-minded countries, including the European Union, Brazil, Japan and others. We work very closely with them to try to put forward a position that will restore effective, impartial adjudication at the WTO.
I hope that helps.