In response to your first question, there are indeed examples of these practices elsewhere. The Netherlands introduced advanced medical directives just over 20 years ago. That's certainly long enough for them to have acquired some expertise.
I simply want to underscore the fact that in Quebec, an expert committee of which I am a member submitted to the government a way of proceeding with all kinds of guidelines for the application and implementation of these advanced medical directives. We went into a great deal of detail, and I believe that it is an original body of work because we didn't see anything of this kind elsewhere. It truly met the requirements for the implementation of medical assistance in dying requests.
I think that your second question was mainly about safeguards. It's definitely more complicated to assess the situation for instances of advanced medical directives than it is for contemporary requests.
I am somewhat in agreement with what Ms. Bernier said when she spoke about the importance of preparing a profile of values and to think about personal choices. People need to be really aware of what they want to do. If we want to protect the right to self-determination in connection with requests for medical assistance in dying, then we need to provide all the information needed to give people the best possible conditions for them to make a request that is the outcome of free and informed consent.