Mr. Chair, I will try to respond on the issue of non-state players.
First, historically, non-state players were not present in Bosnia or Somalia. During the war in the Congo from 1960 to 1964 there was a legal government, but there were also rebels in various provinces throughout Congo that had declared independence or that tried to attack the Belgian government. They also attacked peacekeepers who had remained in the Congo for four years. This is not necessarily then a new phenomenon, but it is something that is occurring increasingly often in conflicts.
Will this phenomenon continue to occur in the future? I believe that we need to be cautious here. A number of long-term conflicts are resurfacing. Be it between Ethiopia and Erythrea, between India and Pakistan or between Morocco and Algeria about the Western Sahara, these are past conflicts where peacekeeping operations were undertaken. We are well informed about them, these territories where there are non-state players and where peacekeeping operations have occurred.
Is there a possibility, as I was saying earlier, that this phenomenon will occur more and more often? I believe it is still too soon to say. In the 1990s and the early years of 2000, there were a significant number of such non-state players. However, research on this subject is still recent. The phenomenon of terrorist groups is a destabilizing element that did not exist five or eight years ago. al-Qaeda and Somalian groups were not present like they are today.
I believe that this is the answer I can give you concerning non-state players.