On sanctions, the west in general needs to go through its sanctions escalatory options for either new Russian aggression in the Sea of Asov or in other places. We don't know where that aggression is going to be.
We do have escalatory headroom. It is possible to find escalatory steps that are tough enough to hurt the Russians and restrained enough that you can actually use them. There's a bracket here, and it is possible to fill that bracket.
One of the complexities of the sanctions tool against Russia is that in 2014, 2015 and 2016 there was one major area of Russian aggression, and that was against Ukraine. Now there are additional areas of Russian aggression, for instance, in the cyber area and against our elections.
It is complicated keeping the lines of sanctions straight; nevertheless, we shouldn't shrink from searching for escalatory options. I see two ways, two basic models. One is to escalate our sanctions against selected sectors of the Russian economy—finance and cyber, and to a lesser degree, energy. The second is to go after Putin's leadership structure, his cronies, and in any event—and this is in Anders Aslund's area—to go after and dry up the channels of corrupt Russian money flowing into our countries.