The rising number of submarines in the Pacific should cause great concern. I am continually amazed in Canada—I've been watching your testimony and your responses—and it's very pleasant because several years ago we'd have nothing but people wanting to get rid of submarines.
I always bring up the case of Singapore. Singapore, with a coastline no longer than that of municipal Toronto, has four submarines, and so does Canada. Something doesn't quite add up here.
What Ken has said is quite correct. In no way can a surface fleet replace a submarine because it will lose, and I think a 24:1 exchange rate is probably not wrong. A surface ship cannot compete against a submarine, primarily because the medium they find and launch weapons with is sonar, and a surface ship is 100 times noisier than a submarine.
People ask, “How noisy is a submarine?” The best response I've heard is “How noisy is your flashlight?” The fact is, they will always find you at three times the distance at which your surface ship finds them. When you launch a torpedo you will launch one with a 120-pound warhead, and they will launch a 21-inch Mark 48 torpedo with about an 800-pound warhead.
Missiles, like harpoons, damage ships. Heavy-weight torpedoes from submarines always sink them.
I think that's about it.