They're big questions, but to be brief, on the importance of Arctic defence in the context of space, I completely agree with Professor Leuprecht's conceptualization. Arctic defence is one of the niche capabilities that Canada provides, in my opinion. I think it's useful for Canada, given the current security context, to focus on some of the niche capabilities that it has. The Arctic, therefore, offers an opportunity for Canada to engage in that process.
As I said in my initial comments, for Canada to have a comprehensive defence of its Arctic territory, it is absolutely fundamental to leverage the space domain. This means communications to start with, and secondly, surveillance, whether that's using the new remotely piloted SkyGuardian aircraft, which are due to come into operation in 2028 and will require satellite communication to function, or using satellite imagery itself. We cannot surveil the Arctic and have domain awareness of the Arctic without the ability to operate in space.
That will require, in my opinion, Canada to engage with international partners, particularly Sweden. I think it's an interesting additional partner that hasn't been mentioned so far. I know that relationship is already built and is already strong, and I think that should probably be leveraged further.
In terms of private industry, private industry is simply critical. Private industry has the expertise and the capability to produce what the Canadian Armed Forces requires. The challenge, as always, is ensuring that private industry, which is necessarily operating with a different framework of meaning, if you like, from the government, is on the same page so that we can work in parallel. We can, but that's not something that happens automatically.