Indeed, we do see misinformation and disinformation as ubiquitous threats that we know we live through on a daily basis.
As part of the threats to democratic processes report that we published in December 2023, we highlighted that misinformation and disinformation are going to be pervasive throughout all the various activities that we see, either from a democratic process or from a warfare perspective.
In terms of disinformation campaigns, the Government of Canada has put in place a series of campaigns that we have led on its behalf, including up until March 2024 of this year. That website highlights different ways in which Canadians can get involved in terms of better understanding how they can combat myths and disinformation.
A big part of it is education, and we work on that with other government partners but recognize it's a whole-of-society situation. To your point about the role that MPs can play, you can continue to ensure that you are also using information that you can see from a base of facts or use more than one source of information. That's what we try to encourage on the website. It's ensuring that you have a good sense of where the information is coming from and looking for more than one source.
One of the campaigns we ran was, if it gives you a bit of a rethink—if you are asking a critical question about the information you're looking at, or if you raise your eyebrow—you might be looking at information that could be of concern to you.
We really highlight and recommend looking at more than one piece of information. We have used our foreign cyber-operations to disrupt information. We've also sanitized intelligence to ensure that information is made available, especially with regard to the disinformation campaign that Russia has run.
These are various aspects of our tool kit that we'll continue to use to ensure that information is factual.