The question applies to all of international law. International law is respected and followed 99.9% of the time. Sometimes, you get a bad actor that chooses to violate a rule or a treaty.
In the case of Russia, it is now a pariah state. It's subject to widespread sanctions. It's facing NATO providing massive numbers of weapons and amounts of other support to Ukraine as it fights its defensive battle. Russia is paying a price for its illegalities, not just with regard to the outer space treaty but with regard to things as simple as the United Nations Charter and the prohibition on the use of force—