Thank you so much for that question.
I think a great deal of co-operation still happens in the Arctic. There are aspects of Arctic security that are not necessarily militarized yet, but I do think we see this trend from other great powers as well. There are rights of passage through that area that I think are of concern to Canada, and we certainly need to be prepared for that reality. Again, with climate change, I think there will be greater issues in terms of the capacity and ability to really patrol and control that region.
I do think there's still a lot that we need to consider in terms of non-security aspects of this issue. There will be a need for greater co-operation among Canada and these more adversarial states, particularly Russia. I think we are very much concerned about this. I think the defence policy update is gearing toward sort of a more military response. I don't see, however, the same level of thinking about non-military responses and the communities in that region, and indeed the indigenous communities in that region and their knowledge and their contributions. I think we risk overly militarizing this region at the cost of effective responses that will be necessary because of climate change.