To my knowledge, there have been several studies on the circumstances leading to a toxic environment, but in several cases they were conducted by researchers who were officers. Of course, when the research is done by an officer, the soldier will make sure not to contradict the officer. He will give the answer that is expected.
Some research contained valid data, but it was generally superficial. To have more in‑depth data, you first have to find people to interview and then have access to data to analyze their testimony.